Análisis de las horas de trabajo autónomo al implementarse el sistema de créditos en odontología

Introducción: El Sistema de Créditos Transferibles fue desarrollado para traducir la carga de trabajo de los estudiantes en créditos académicos que son reconocidos en todos los países, apuntando al logro del aprendizaje. El aprendizaje autónomo es un objetivo que la mayoría de los programas educativos promueven como una opción estratégica para conectar la profesión, el entorno de estudio y las expectativas profesionales. Objetivo: Analizar las horas de trabajo autónomo utilizadas por los estudiantes para lograr los resultados de aprendizaje determinados en los programas de asignaturas, su efectividad en cuanto al rendimiento académico y su correspondencia con lo establecido en el plan de estudio, ajustado al Sistema de Créditos Transferibles. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo transversal retrospectivo a partir de datos de un registro manual de estudiantes (n = 54) y docentes (n = 6) respecto a seis asignaturas de primer nivel de la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, sede Temuco. Resultados: Los análisis revelan una incoherencia entre las horas de trabajo autónomo utilizadas por los estudiantes con respecto a lo establecido en el plan de estudio y las horas de trabajo extra-aula estimadas por los profesores. Conclusión: Se concluye que la implementación del Sistema de Créditos Transferibles por sí sola no asegura una mejora en el desempeño de los estudiantes, requiriendo revisar el procedimiento institucional para definirlas; por parte de los docentes una mayor apropiación de los resultados de aprendizajes y la didáctica necesaria para orientar a los estudiantes a obtener un mayor rendimiento del trabajo autónomo, por otro lado, los estudiantes deben ser responsables del uso consciente de dichas horas.

Introduction: The Transferable Credit System was developed to translate student workload into academic credits that are recognized in all countries, aiming at learning achievement. Autonomous learning is an objective that most educational programs promote as a strategic option to connect career, study environment and professional expectations. Objective: Analyzing the hours of autonomous work used by students to achieve the learning outcomes determined in the subject programs, their effectiveness in terms of academic performance and their correspondence with what is established in the study plan, adjusted to the Transferable Credit System. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis was carried out using data from a manual record of students (n= 54) and teachers (n= 6) regarding six first level subjects of the Dentistry course of the Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco campus. Results: The analysis revealed an incoherence between the hours of autonomous work used by the students with respect to what is established in the study plan and the hours of extra-classroom work estimated by the professors. Conclusion: It is concluded that the implementation of the Transferable Credit System alone does not ensure an improvement in student performance, requiring a review of the institutional procedure to define them; on the part of teachers a greater appropriation of the learning outcomes and the didactics necessary to guide students to obtain a higher yield of autonomous work, on the other hand, students must be responsible for the conscious use of these hours.

Evaluación de un curso online de educación sexual integral escolar de autoaprendizaje para público en general: curso MOOC / Evaluation of a comprehensive scholar sexual education course self-learning online to general population: MOOC course

Introducción: La educación sexual integral escolar es recomendada por la UNESCO, la OMS, la UNICEF y las NN.UU. Objetivo: Evaluación de un curso de educación sexual integral escolar on line de autoaprendizaje para público general, tipo MOOC (Massive Online Open Course), gratuito. Método: Constituido por 17 capítulos, 17 conferencias, 213 preguntas, 14 videos/talleres con 76 preguntas, curso en radio FM 102.5 UCH y 3 películas originales. Sin fecha de término. Resultados: Se inscribieron voluntariamente 230 estudiantes: el 88% provenientes de Chile, el 6% del extranjero y el 6% sin identificación. El 93% eran menores de 29 años, el 60% de sexo femenino y el 94% con educación media o universitaria. El tiempo de ejecución del curso fue menos de 50 días en el 6%, de 100 a 300 días en el 78,7%, y de 301 a 399 días en el 15%. De los 751 inscritos a diciembre de 2021, terminaron el primer módulo 230 (30,6%), el segundo 207 (28%), el tercero 199 (26%), el cuarto 184 (25%) y el quinto 177 (24%). De los 230 que iniciaron el primer módulo terminaron el curso 177 (77%). La evaluación final del cumplimiento de los objetivos de los cinco módulos del curso como bueno/excelente fue la siguiente: primero 89%, segundo 91%, tercero 92%, cuarto 93% y quinto 94%; para los cinco módulos fue 92% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 90,9-92,7). La evaluación final de la calidad del desarrollo del curso como buena/excelente fue la siguiente: primero 92% (IC95%: 90,5-94,0) segundo 92% (IC95%: 90,1-93,9%), tercero 93% (IC95%: 91,2-94,9%), cuarto 94% (IC95%: 91,8-95,4%) y quinto 96% (IC95%: 92,0-98,4%); para los cinco módulos fue 93% (IC95%: 92,1-93,7%). Conclusiones: La evaluación de los participantes en el Cumplimiento de los Objetivos y en la Calidad del Desarrollo, en los 19 temas temas del curso alcanza un promedio de 92% y 93%, respectivamente.

Introduction: The comprehensive scholar sexual education is recommended by UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF and UN. Objective: Evaluation of comprehensive scholar sexual education course for general public, MOOC free. Method: On line course with 17 chapters, 17 conferences, 213 questions, 14 videos/workshops with 76 questions, course FM Radio 102.5 and 3 original films. Without date of term. Results: 230 free and voluntary student inscriptions: 88% were coming from Chile, 6% from other countries and 6% without identification. 93% were 29 years old or less, 60% were women and 94% with high school or university education. The periods of course execution were: 50 days or less in 6%, between 100 and 300 days in 78.7% and between 301 and 399 days in 15% on. From the 751 initial inscriptions at December/2021, 230 complete the first module (30,6%), 207 (28%) the second module, 199 (26%) the third module, 184 (25%) the fourth module and 177 (24%) the fifth module. From 230 initial of first module, finish 177 (77%). The final evaluation of the mastery of course objectives as good and excellent were: first module 89%, second module 91%, third module 92%, fourth module 93% and fifth module 94%; for the total course was 92% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 90.9-92.7). The course development quality were qualified as good and excellent in 92% (95%CI: 90.5-94.0) first module, 92% (95%CI: 90.1-93.9%) second module, 93% (95%CI: 91.2-94.9%) third module, 94% (95%CI:91.8-95.4%) fourth module and 96% (95%CI: 92.0-98.4%) fifth module; for the total course 93% (95%CI: 92.1-93.7%). Conclusions: The participants evaluation of the course, was 92% and 93% for the Mastery and Development Quality, respectively.

The status quo of self-learning readiness for self-taught examination of in-service nurses and its correlation with general self-efficacy / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the status quo of self-learning readiness of in-service nurses in self-taught examination and its correlation with general self-efficacy.Methods:Convenience sampling method was conducted with nurses who studied in the self-taught nursing examination of a university from a university in Sichuan Province from March to May 2020. General information questionnaire, Chinese version of Self-regulated Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education (SLDRS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to investigate the research. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the scores, multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between self-learning readiness and general self-efficacy. A total of 468 questionnaires were collected and 455 were valid.Results:The total scores of 455 nurses were (147.93±18.07) points, and the overall average scores were (3.70±0.45) points. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the desire to continue to study for postgraduate students, the times of face-to-face classes in each subject, the preference for nursing major, aimlessness and satisfaction with the forms of assistance were the important influencing factors of autonomous learning readiness ( P<0.05). There is a positive correlation between self-learning readiness and general self-efficacy ( r=0.551, P<0.05). Conclusion:The self-learning readiness of nurses for self-taught examination is at a medium level. Their self-learning ability may be improved by encouraging them to carry out career planning, improving their professional identity and self-efficacy, and choosing teaching methods that are more suitable for in-service staff.

The effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on nursing students′ self-learning and self-efficacy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on geriatric students′ autonomous learning ability and self-efficacy.Methods:From June to August, 2021, 61 nursing students who practiced in the department of gerontology of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were selected as research subjects, and divided into experimental group (30 students) and control group (31 students) by random number table method. In the experimental group, wisdom teaching based on "Rain classroom" was carried out at the same time as conventional teaching, while in the control group, conventional teaching was carried out, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the independent learning ability measurement scale and academic self-efficacy scale of nursing students.Results:The score of autonomous learning ability of nursing students in the experimental group was 68.55 ± 11.06, and that in the control group was 74.29 ± 9.16. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = -2.01, P<0.05). The academic self-efficacy scores of nursing students in experimental group and control group were 52.27 ± 11.56 and 52.64 ± 9.28 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The wisdom teaching of "rain classroom" improves the independent learning ability of geriatric nursing students, and attaches importance to the cultivation of self-efficacy of nursing students, and the improvement of self-efficacy needs further research.

Desafíos de los docentes de enfermería ante los entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje / The Challenges of Nursing Professors in Teaching and Learning Virtual Environments

Introducción: Las tendencias educativas del siglo XXI están marcadas por la integración científica y tecnológica que permite la gestión académica de todos los actores, asistidos por las tecnologías de la información y el conocimiento, las estrategias de desarrollo y perspectiva académica generados fundamentalmente por plataformas tecnológicas y los métodos basados en un escenario educativo con nuevas condiciones para el autoaprendizaje, manifiestas en el aprendizaje electrónico. Objetivo: Exponer los desafíos de los docentes de enfermería ante el empleo de los entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje en su desempeño, al considerar las tendencias actuales de las tecnologías educativas en la educación superior. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva desde 2015 hasta 2018 y entrevistas. Se aplicó la sistematización y el estudio documental como método científico. Se realizó triangulación de las fuentes para la obtención de resultados. Conclusiones: Existe la disponibilidad en la red y el potencial inteligente necesario para que los docentes de enfermería se superen cada vez más y asuman una educación permanente, y asuman estos retos como procesos transformadores a afrontar y alcanzar(AU)

Introduction: The educational trends of the twenty-first century are marked by scientific and technological integration that allows the academic management of all the stakeholders, assisted by the technologies of information and knowledge, as well as the development strategies and academic perspective generated mainly by technological platforms, and the methods based on an educational setting with new conditions for self-learning, manifested in electronic learning. Objective: To present the challenges of nursing professors regarding the use of virtual learning environments in their performance, when considering the current trends of educational technologies in higher education. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. A descriptive bibliographic review was carried out from 2015 to 2018, together with interviews. Systematization and documentary study were applied as scientific methods. Triangulation of the sources was performed to obtain results. Results: The educational approach of nursing teachers, together with the introduction and development of the pedagogical process with the use of virtuality, led to a relevant challenge associated with the use of these virtual environments as aspects positive for academic training in blended learning courses. However, there are still difficulties that lead to new challenges, which make them be overcome more and more. Conclusions: There is the availability in the network and the intelligent potential necessary for nursing teachers to overcome increasingly and assume a permanent education, and assume these challenges as transformative processes to face and achieve(AU)

Metacognición y aprendizaje autónomo en la Educación Superior / Metacognition and autonomous learning in higher Education

El estudiante universitario debe desarrollar habilidades que le permitan su auto educación; para lo cual, este requiere apropiarse de estrategias que faciliten su aprendizaje autónomo y formación del pensamiento crítico. La monografía que se presenta brinda un análisis bibliográfico con el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación epistemológica al rol del autoaprendizaje y la metacognición en la Educación Superior.

The college student must develop skills that allow for self-education; there for, it requires the appropriation of strategies that facilitate their autonomous learning and the formation of critical thinking. The presented monograph offers a bibliographical analysis with the aim of offering an epistemological approach to the role of self-learning and metacognition in Higher Education.

Plan de acciones dirigido a las estrategias de auto aprendizaje en estudiantes de primer semestre de Enfermería / An action plan aimed at self-learning strategies in student in the first semester of the Nursing major

Introducción: la formación profesional en las ciencias de la salud requiere del logro de competencias que propicien el aprender a aprender, para lo cual se precisa desarrollar la autonomía cognoscitiva de los estudiantes. Objetivo: evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con un plan de acciones dirigido a mejorar sus estrategias de aprendizaje autónomo. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio preexperimental donde se trabajó con toda la población, compuesta por 33 estudiantes del primer semestre de la carrera de Enfermería, de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador, durante el período académico octubre 2015-febrero 2016. El método Delphi se utilizó para validar el cuestionario aplicado y el diseño del plan de acciones. La aplicación de la técnica de Iadov sirvió para determinar los índices de satisfacción grupal e individual de los estudiantes en relación con el plan de acciones ejecutado. Resultados: el 93,94 por ciento respondió que sí le gusta estudiar, pero la mayoría consideró no estar preparado para asumir su propio aprendizaje. Solo el 30,30 por ciento de los individuos investigados ingresó a la carrera de Enfermería guiado por la vocación. Conclusiones: se identificaron deficiencias relativas a hábitos y técnicas de auto aprendizaje relacionadas con la lectura, la planificación, los procedimientos, la profundidad de análisis de los tópicos y el trabajo grupal. El índice de satisfacción grupal quedó en la categoría satisfactorio, mientras que en el individual prevaleció la de clara satisfacción(AU)

Introduction: Professional training in health sciences requires the achievement of competences that encourage learning how to learn, for which it is necessary to develop the students' cognitive autonomy. Objectives: To assess the students' satisfaction with an action plan aimed at improving their autonomous learning strategies. Methods: A pre-experimental study was developed in which the entire population was studied, made up by 33 students of the first semester of the Nursing major from the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador, during the academic period October 2015-February 2016. The Delphi method was used to validate the applied questionnaire and for the design of the action plan. The Iadov technique was used to determine the indexes of group and individual satisfaction of the students in relation to the executed plan of actions. Results: 93.94 percent answered that they do like to study, but the majority considered not being ready to assume their own learning. Only 30.30 percent of the investigated individuals entered the Nursing major guided by self-vocation. Conclusions: We identified deficiencies related to habits and self-learning techniques related to reading, planning, procedures, deepening into topic analysis and group work. The group's satisfaction index remained in the satisfactory category, while in the individual group the satisfaction index prevailed(AU)

Research on how to promote the students autonomous learning ability with the micro curriculum construction in the Biochemistry course / 国际中医中药杂志

The purpose of education is to cultivate talents who can master the ability of self-learning lifelong. With the rapid development of multimedia technology, the knowledge carrier represented by micro curriculum plays a very important role in improving students' self-learning ability. In traditional Chinese medicine college, due to the short of time, weak learning foundation, the ability of self-learning is hard to improve in the modern medical courses such as biochemistry. This is not conducive to the cultivation of modern talents of Chinese medicine. In this paper, we chose the biochemistry teaching in TCM college as an example, and discuss how we can make the application of micro courses reasonably in the teaching process. This study was regarded as a starting to improve the students' self-learning ability effectively.

The application of coherent learning method in the training for clinical medical postgraduate / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To train self-learning ability,clinical reasoning and comprehensive analytical ability of clinical medical postgraduates,we introduced the classic cases from the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and made the coherent learning method of Learn classic cases-report clinical cases-write case reports.Students were required to learn the classic cases of NEJM independently,to report clinical cases based on classic cases' level and to write a high level case report.We encouraged students to learn independently and to learn to use it.The practice has proved that the coherent learning method is a gradual and systematic learning method,which can train clinical medical postgraduates' all-round abilities and help them to grow up to qualified doctors.

Exploration and practice of undergraduates' open innovation experiment / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to cultivate students' quality of scientific research thinking,self-learning ability,innovation ability and practical ability,Open Innovation Experiment Project which is suitable for the undergraduate students has been carried out in Jilin university.The feature of experiment is based on the teacher's scientific research project,and the experimental design is completed by the students independently.By the stage inspection as a monitoring mechanism,the overall effect evaluation of the experimental project has been conducted by the combination of the process and the results.Through the selection,design,implementation and results of practice,students can not only cultivate innovative consciousness and comprehensive thinking and the spirit of unity and cooperation,but also have a basic understanding of scientific research work.

Construction of the study platform forand the application in the flipped classroom / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the study platform for meridians and acupoints by analyzing the status and current problems of teachingand in accordance with the principles as "knowledge fragmentation, game breakthrough and overall assessment" and observe the application effect in the flipped classroom.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally two hundred and five 2014 grade bachelor candidates from four classes of the department of acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina were selected from Hunan Junior College of TCM. They were randomized into an observation group (102 cases) and a control group (103 cases). in the observation group, the flipped classroom was performed by adopting the study platform of meridians and acupoints. Additionally, the team cooperation learning and overall assessment were conducted. In the control group, the traditional teaching system was adopted, in which, the mode of "teacher's demonstration-to-discussion in group-to-teachers' assessment" and the operation check at the end of the semester were applied. The learning effect and the self-learning ability were evaluated at the end of semester in the two groups. The satisfaction survey was conducted in the observation group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the observation group, the drawing of meridian running course and locating the acupoints, as well as the self-learning ability were better than those in the control group, indicating the significant differences (all<0.05). The interests in platform, interaction, contribution to knowledge learning and the improvement of the self-learning ability were much more obvious and the satisfaction was quite high, accounting for over 90%. The acceptance to the flipped classroom and the satisfaction of participation were slightly low.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study platform of learningwas applied in the flipped classroom and has effectively improved the practical manipulation results and self-learning ability. However, the interestingness and interactivity of the platform are expected to be improved. The effective teaching design should be adopted in the flipped classroom to improve the students' desire of participation.</p>

Educação Médica nos Tempos Modernos / Medical Education in Modern Times

O artigo enfatiza o aprendizado do aluno e a flexibilização do processo educacional, em regra muito centrado no professor. Propõe o desenvolvimento e a oferta, via internet, de módulos autoinstrucionais sobre a fisiologia e fisiopatologia dos vários sistemas orgânicos, enfatizando sua relação com a clínica, a discussão dos principais agravos à saúde da população e a interação do homem com seu meio físico, biológico e social. Tais módulos poderiam atuar como oportunidades de aprendizagem supletiva e núcleo de discussão dos temas por alunos e professores. Propõe a adoção de uma pedagogia híbrida, em que o aluno teria acesso ao conhecimento via internete a oportunidade de aplicá-lo na solução de problemas de saúde de uma população. Admitindo a limitação da formação profissional desenvolvida apenas no hospital de ensino, o autor propõe a participação ativa e comprometida dos alunos, sob supervisão permanente, nos vários níveis de atenção à saúde, atuando na comunidade, unidades de saúde da família, centros integrados de saúde, hospitais secundários e regionais. Essa proposta é particularmente oportuna no momento em que se cogita a criação de novas escolas de Medicina no País.

This article underlines student learning and the flexibilization of the generally teacher-centered educational process. It proposes the development and online provision of self-instructional modules on the physiology and physiopathology of the various organic systems, emphasizing their relationship with clinical practice, discussing the public’s main health problems and man’s interaction with his physical, biologic and social environment. It also proposes the adoption of a hybrid pedagogy in which the students would have access to medical knowledge through the internet, but would have the opportunity to apply this knowledge by working in health services and tackling the health problems of a population. Recognizing the limits of medical training obtained only in teaching hospitals, the author proposes active and committed student participation, under continuous guidance, atthe several levels of health care, from residencies and community work to family health clinics, integrated health centers, secondary and regional hospitals.This proposalis especially timelywith the current consideration being given to the creation of new medical schools in Brazil.

Experiencia de cambio metodológico en estudiantes chilenos basada en la autonomía y colaboración para la construcción de aprendizajes / Experience of Chilean students in a methodological change based on autonomy and collaboration for the learning constructions

Los programas curriculares del año 2011 se vieron ampliamente afectados por las movilizaciones estudiantiles ocurridas en Chile durante ese año, planteándose, para el periodo 2012 el desafío de lograr abarcar los contenidos retrasados y los correspondientes al año en curso. En vista de esta situación se efectuó un cambio metodológico en una de las asignaturas de la carrera de Tecnología Médica, generando clases en formato Power Point con audio incorporado para su estudio no presencial, guías de estudio y mesas redondas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la calidad de las herramientas anteriores y los aspectos globales del cambio, tales como ocupación del tiempo, estímulo para aprender, mejora en los procesos de autoaprendizaje y aprendizaje colaborativo. La encuesta efectuada reveló la satisfacción global de los estudiantes con el cambio propuesto, e identificó focos de mejora asociados a la estructura de clases no presenciales(AU)

Curricular programs of 2011 were largely affected by the student mobilizations in Chile during that year. For that reason we considering for the period 2012 the challenge to cover delayed and corresponding contents for the current year. In view of this situation a methodological change was made in one of the study subjects in the Medical Technology career, generating classes with embedded PowerPoint format for non-attendance study audio , study guides and tutorial roundtables.The objective of this research was to determine the opinion of students on the quality of the tools generated and global aspects of this change of methodology , such as occupation time , stimulus for learning, improval in self-learning and collaborative learning processes. The survey revealed overall student satisfaction in order with the proposed change and identified areas for improvement related with the structure of non-attendance classes(AU)

Development and Evaluation of a Self-Learning Tool for Drug Information / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>In pharmacy school, most faculty members use generic names when discussing medicine; however, in clinical clerkships, most staff members use brand names. This sometimes leads to poor communication and understanding between the students and medical staff.  The purpose of this study was to clarify the need for a tool to improve communication and understanding in relation to drug information.  Based on the findings of this survey, our secondary aim was to develop and subsequently evaluate such a tool.<br><b>Methods: </b>To clarify the need for a self-learning tool, we conducted a questionnaire survey on 58 faculty members who teach courses on drug informatics.  Based on their responses, we then developed a self-learning tool that was subsequently evaluated by a total of 78 undergraduate students.<br><b>Results: </b>Most of the faculty agreed concerning the necessity of a self-learning tool for drug information, particularly in regard to the establishment of a more user-friendly system and reduced user fees for students.  The faculty also believed that students should be able to associate the generic drug name with various kinds of information, including its safety, efficacy, and brand name.  All students agreed that the tool was helpful, very easy to use, and could be learned during their commute to school.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Our results suggest that most faculty members support the idea of having a tool capable of promoting a better understanding and grasp of drug information.  Therefore, our self-learning tool should be helpful in promoting increased knowledge concerning drug information for students in clinical clerkships.

Needs assessment to identify the areas for the development of self learning modules in subject ashtang hridaya of first BAMS course.

Background and Objectives: M The new syllabus for the Ashtang hridaya by CCIM has addition of few more concepts. On the other hand number of lectures for the subject are reduced. It is practically difficult to teach complete syllabus in the given time. In the changed course structure and reduced lecture hours. The classroom teaching hours can be managed by development of self learning modules for the subject. Objectives: To identify the need of self learning modules. To enlist the must know, nice to know and desired to know areas of Ashtang Hridaya. To enlist the areas for Self learning and Classroom teaching. To evaluate efficacy of Self learning e Modules. Materials and Methods : Online Survey Faculties working in the Department of Basic Principles. with Questionnaire (www.qualtrics.com) was conducted. (63 completed Responses) and data was analysed. Development of Self learning eModule:- on the Chapter “Gandushadividhi” in Ashtang Hridaya. Testing of Module. Results: Study indicates that faculty came out with a clear mandate of Need of Self Learning Module.( Chi squared P<0.01) Ashtang hriday syllabus was classified is 18 Chapters in for Must Know(18), Nice to know (4) and desirable to know(7). Chapters were identified for Classroom teaching(20) and self learning(10). Insignificant distribution was observed for 7 chapters. Self learning module created on Gandishadividhi Chapter was tested on I BAMS students by Pre test and Post Tests (with Questionnaire containing 15 Questions) shows statistically significant (p<0.001) results for paired t test. Conclusions: There is certainly need of self learning modules for the I BAMS course. Study distributes in must know, nice to know and desired to know and chapters in Ashtang hridaya and classifies chapters for Classroom teaching and self learning. The self learning e Module shown statistically significant results when evaluated on I BAMS students.

Anatomy curriculum delivery-traditional vs modular (integrated) basis.

Background: The main objective to introduce the anatomy in the medical profession is aims at providing comprehensive knowledge of the gross and microscopic structure and development of human body and to provide a basis for understanding the clinical correlation of organs or structures involved and the anatomical basis for the disease presentations. Since the decades right from the birth of medicine to till now anatomy is considered as a core subject and its knowledge is very essential to get into the medical profession.As per the very recent updates in medical curriculum, tremendous changes were taken place in the delivery of anatomy curriculum especially to the undergraduate students, curriculum delivery gradually changing towards the traditional (Regional) to the modular basis (Integrated).This paper aims to differentiate the various fit falls in the traditional and modular delivery of the curriculum especially in relation to anatomy.

An Investigation into Introducing Freshman Seminar to Extracurricular Studying Activities of Undergraduate Students / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] Taking the extracurricular discussion study for undergraduate freshman as a point of penetration, investigate the effects that extracur-ricular discussion teaching may have in helping students develop the abilities of learning knowledge voluntarily, logical thinking and independent innova-tion. [Method] Dividing extracurricular discussion activities into three parts which are col ecting literatures by group cooperation, developing subjects by group reporting, and concluding sharing achievements, freshman seminar classes stress the teaching method of guiding first and emphasizing practice. [Re-sult] By introducing freshman seminar into extracurricular study activities, students changed their ways to think, and enhanced their learning initiatives;strengthened the relationship with teachers, and promoted their abilities of group working; aroused their interests in academic research, and improved the abilities of web application; utilized political headlines to expand their abilities in academic research. Freshman seminar is wel welcomed by students. [Conclusion] Via practice, we conclude that this model is suitable to the learning characteristics of undergraduate freshman, which can lead to preferable teaching results.

Practice and exploration of emergency clinical training for medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To compare the results of emergency clinical training for medical students and to put forward some suggestions.Methods Toatlly 207 medical students of Grade 4 studied in the first people' s hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong university from 2009 to 2011 were divided into the traditional group (n =90 ) and the experimental group (n =117 ).The students in the experimental group participated in emergency clinical training in summer vacation while those in the traditional group did not.Questionnaires about their self-learning ability,clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability after training the were conducted and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results One hundred and five effective questionnaires were recovered from the experimental group,with the recovery rate 89.7％ and 62 effective questionnaires were recovered from the traditional group,with the recovery rate 68.9％.The scores about clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability of the experimental group were significantly highcr than those of the traditional group [ (79.45 ± 9.354)vs.(75.87 ± 9.926),(263.38 ± 30.925 ) vs.(251.36 ± 23.679),P ＜ 0.05 ].However,there was no significant difference in scores about self-learning ability between the two groups [ ( 153.97 ± 23.725 ) vs.( 149.83 ± 13.891 ),P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Emergency clinical training is helpful to improve medical students' clinical communicating ability and critical thinking ability.It is worth popularizing.

Application of classic cases in teaching for seven-year program pediatric majors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Studying classic cases is one of the applicable methods for student's self-learning,especially at clinical rotation period.Seven-year program pediatric students (2004 grade) from pediatric medical collage,Capital Medical University of China shared classic cases from New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM),reported clinical cases they took part in and summarized their writing of case report.Through these measures,students felt the significance of studying classic cases and noticed that case study played an important role in training of clinical reasoning,multidisciplinary approach,as well as self-learning ability for medical students.

Desarrollo metodológico de "análisis de casos" como estrategia de enseñanza / Methodological development of "case studies" as learning strategy

En la instrucción basada en problemas, se logra una construcción del conocimiento estructurado, se desarrollan en el alumno habilidades que le permiten un autoaprendizaje eficaz, aumenta la satisfacción y la motivación por aprender y desarrolla competencias de trabajo en equipo y destreza para la comunicación. En este trabajo se expone el desarrollo metodológico de análisis de casos como estrategia formativa en cursos de Inmunohematología y Medicina Transfusional. Los problemas se diseñan para que en su resolución se ejerciten habilidades y se exploren los conocimientos que se pretenden enseñar. La metodología se sintetiza: a) presentación del caso con preguntas claves, b) discusión entre pares, búsqueda de información general y solicitud de información particular, c) entrega por parte de los docentes de información, d) resolución del caso y presentación. Para la evaluación se considera: la organización durante el proceso de resolución del caso, la presentación oral y la respuesta a interrogantes formuladas por estudiantes y docentes sobre el tema. El objetivo académico primordial no es la resolución del problema sino que el aprendizaje que se obtiene a lo largo del proceso de resolución del mismo, estimular el aprendizaje de conceptos que el problema saca a colación, aprender un método para abordar situaciones en la práctica y desarrollar una actitud responsable y resuelta hacia la solución de problemas.

In problems based-education it is possible to achieve a construction of structured knowledge, students develop abilities allowing him a effective self-learning, increases the satisfaction and the motivation to learn and also to develop teamwork competences and communication skills. Aim of present paper is to show the methodological development of cases-analysis as a formative strategy in Immunohematology and transfusion medicine. In problems resolution must to be trained the abilities and exploration of the knowledges being taught. Methodology is summarized as follows: (a) a case presentation with key questions, b) peer discussion, search of general information and request of own information, c) information supply bi professors, d) case resolution and presentation, oral presentation and response to question marks asked by students and professors about the topic. The fundamental academic objective it is not the problem resolution but that learning obtained throughout its resolutions process encouraging the learning of the concepts own of the problem and teaches a method to approach situations in the practice and develops a responsible and determined attitude to resolve the problem.